Muslim philosophers have offered different interpretations and possibilities on KINESIS in category (SUBSTANCE and accident). Two interpretations are most important among others. According to one interpretation, which in this article is referred to as Avicenan approach, KINESIS is a mode of corporeality and should not be understood as a fluidity of SUBSTANCE or accident. On this view, KINESIS in SUBSTANCE, which implies nothing less than the fluidity of SUBSTANCE, would be impossible. Upon another interpretation, which is referred to as Sadrayian approach in this article, KINESIS denotes a kind of being, both in SUBSTANCE and accident, and divides the being into fixed and fluid. According to the first approach, Avicenan approach, this kind of KINESIS, from one point of view, falls short of the criterion of identity, so it is self-contradictory, and from another perspective, it compromises between "identity" and "otherness" in a contradictory manner. The second interpretation, investigating the existential reality of KINESIS, makes it clear that KINESIS in SUBSTANCE and accident can be considered as fluid and unresting, implying a mode of being. This way the criterion of "identity" and "otherness" is derived from this mode of existence, not resulting in any contradiction.

Background &Aim: It is not well established that why certain parts of gingiva are more susceptible to some kind of periodontal diseases, since these regions are adjacent to the foramen of some nerves and paths, and regarding to the important role of neuropathies in inflammation. On the other hand, it was shown that SP and CGRP have some role in periodontal diseases, so the aim of this study was to determine the correlation between concentration of SP and CGRP and different regions of human clinically healthy gingiva.Methods & Materials: For this analytical study, 17 gingival samples from first maxillary incisor and first molar regions (case group) and 23 gingival samples from other regions (control group) were collected. Tissue samples were cultured for 72 hours. Then EIA was used for detection of SP and CGRP in supernatant fluids. Statistical analysis was made by Mann - whitney U test and Spearman's correlation coefficient tests.Results: Both SP and CGRP were present in all samples. There was also significant difference between different gingival regions regarding to CGRP concentration so its concentration was lower in first molar regions (P≈0.023). We could not find any significant difference between different regions regarding to SP concentration.Conclusion: It is suggested that SP and CGRP probably participate in the regulation and maintenance of gingival health and based on the lower concentration of CGRP in the gingiva of upper and lower first molars, it could be suggested a possible cause for susceptibility of these regions to some of oral diseases such as localized aggressive periodontitis.

Aim: In the present study, the effects of homocysteinylated and normal forms of SUBSTANCE P were investigated on the proliferation of PC12 cell-line in the presence of cysteine. Material and methods: Cells were cultured in an RPMI-Glutamax medium containing 10% FBS and metabolic activity was assessed in the presence of different concentrations of peptide and cysteine using the MTT assay. Afterward, the morphological changes were determined using phase-contrast microscopy. In order to evaluate the protective effect of homocysteinylated peptide against H2O2, cells were treated with 150 μ g/ml H2O2 for 3 h, and their nitric oxide production was assessed using the Griess colorimetric assay. Results: findings showed that two forms of SUBSTANCE P, at selected concentrations, caused a significant increase in proliferation of PC12 cells and a decrease in the amount of NO production in response to H2O2 toxicity. At a concentration of 6-10 M, homocysteinylated and normal forms of SUBSTANCE P increased the rate of PC12 proliferation up to 78. 65% and 38. 55 % and decreased the levels of NO up to 36% and 14%, respectively. This indicates that homocysteinylated form of SUBSTANCE P is more potent (~40%) than the normal form. The percentage of protection for homocysteinylated SUBSTANCE P was about 22% higher than the normal form. Conclusion: It seems that homocysteinylated SUBSTANCE P can increase the growth rate of cancer cells and promote the disease course through the reduction in NO production in pathological conditions.

Pathos is one of those concepts that mostly underestimated its importance versus other Aristotelian concepts. It can be observed that pathos frequently explained in twofold relations and in that sense pathos' s importance neglected vis-a-vis other twofold concept. One of the most important of those twofold relations is Logos - Pathos that exiles Pathos to the illogical territory and curb its implications to the feelings and passivity. In contemporary research we see that researchers stressed on Pathos as a fundamental concept to Aristotle's reading. The reason for recent stressing is that researchers read pathos in relation to KINESIS (change, motion). This new vision on Pathos takes it necessary to any kind of change and motion. For that reason, Pathos is not definite by illogical and sensitive territory. This article tries to deconstruct the twofold relation between Logos - Pathos and on the other hand to recognition Poetics intentionality with taking advantage of Pathos's concept.

The reception of Popper in Japan has not been a glorious history up to the present day. There have been numerous misunderstandings and distortions. It is important to record and discuss them in order to learn from them and to make use of his ideas in the Japanese intellectual climate. This is the purpose of the present paper. From the perspective of the reception history, we searched the reasons why Popper has been misunderstood in Japan (especially in four areas: philosophy, economics, history, and political philosophy), and tried to identify some of the factors responsible for this misunderstanding. To this end, we applied the method of “situational analysis” to the Japanese peculiar intellectual situation after the so-called après guerres, rather than by using a chronological order. If the causes of misunderstandings and distortions in Japan can be clarified by means of a situational analysis, we can learn a great deal from this history and can use this knowledge to throw new light on the status of critical rationalism in Japan

A B S T R A C TThe morphology of each region is related to its landforms, the morphology of flat areas is related to inselbergs. The presence of inselbergs in desert and dry areas gives a special appearance to the morphology of these areas. The study of these landforms and the effective factors in their formation is considered a necessity in terms of regional development. According to the studies, various factors play a role in the formation of inselbergs, and the role of lithology seems to be more prominent. In this research, which was conducted with the method of field and library studies, we identified 18 inselbergs in Safi Abad plain and by studying them, we came to the conclusion that the inselbergs of this plain are mainly formed in sedimentary rocks such as limestone, conglomerate and sandstone. Among the geological formations, the largest and most diverse inselbergs in the Safiabad plain are formed in the mass conglomerate formation with good hardening because this formation is the most widespread in this plain. But the most typical inselbergs of this plain are formed in thick layered limestone. Because this formation is more resistant to erosion. Lar Formations including Limestone and Thick Limestone’s to Mass Dolomite and Delichai Formations have also played an important role in the formation of inselbergs in this plain. Although the extent of these formations is not significant, but due to their significant resistance to erosion and being far from these processes, they have caused the formation of evolved inselbergs in this plainExtended AbstractIntroductionInselbergs are ridges with a height of less than 500 meters formed with a steep slope in the plains. Their resistance to erosion has caused them to be considered capable players in the morphology of arid and semi-arid regions. Due to their uniqueness in desert areas, these areas are of interest to tourists, and the economic situation of these areas can be improved by attracting tourists. The prominence of inselbergs in desert areas has caused researchers to pay attention to their studies, the most important of which are the studies of Pye in Kenya (1984), Nenonen in Finland (2018), Luiza in Brazil (2021), Laetitia in Africa (2019), and Mashaal in Egypt (2020). Although the conditions for inselberg formation are available in some areas of Iran, and these landforms have given a particular face to the morphology of this country, no significant study has been done on them so far. This research attempts to investigate the role of lithology in inselberg formation in Safi Abad Plain by using library and field studies. MethodologySafi Abad plain in the northeast of Iran and North Khorasan province and in terms of geographical coordinates between 36-˚ 48-05 to 36-22-55˚ North and 37-57˚ East to 36-˚ 37-08 It is located at 57-58-11 east. Field and library studies were used to study the inselbergs of this plain. The entire region was surveyed in 2 years in the field studies, and 18 inselbergs were identified. Then, the location and extent of their expansion were determined. In the morphometry that was done as a survey, the minimum height, length-to-width ratio of inselbergs, and their distance from each other were measured with GPS. The study of the concepts, definitions, and effective processes in inselberg formation was done with the library method. The maps of this research were drawn with Adobe Illustrator software. Results and discussionInselbergs are diverse in terms of morphology; in the studied area, 18 inselbergs were identified, most of which are mixed. Most of them are rocky and have less vegetation. Regarding lithology, inselbergs are particular forms of igneous and metamorphic rocks, but some are also formed in other rocks. Although lithology plays an essential role in inselberg morphology, it cannot be claimed that inselbergs formed in the same formation have the same shape. Although the dominant lithology of the Safi Abad plain is formed from sedimentary rocks, due to the different resistance of its formations, the height, shape, and slope of the inselbergs of this plain are different in different parts of the region. The difference in these characteristics has caused the different shapes of the land in this plain. According to the studies of the most resistant formations of Safi Abad plain against erosion, limestone is a thick layer of chert mass formed due to the resistance against the erosion of the complete inselbergs.After this formation, the Lar formation consists of fine-grained uniform dolomitic limestone with thick to massive layering, which is more resistant; that is why many inselbergs in the region have formed in it. The third formation in terms of resistance is the Apsin-Albin unit, which includes orbitolinate limestone and thick limes to a mass of dolomite. Although this unit has a small area, its inselbergs are closer to typical inselbergs. In terms of area, most of the area is composed of mass conglomerates with good hardening. Due to the different effects of this formation from different processes, its inselbergs do not have the same morphology. The inselbergs formed in this formation are in the middle part of the high area, low in the southern part, incomplete in the western part, and incomplete mushrooms in the path of the Gerati River. After this formation, gray shales are the most resistant to erosion. This formation, which belongs to the Jurassic period, has formed a large part of the northeastern inselbergs. The alternation of limestone and marl in the Delichai formations in the middle part of the region provides the basis for the formation of mushroom-shaped inselbergs in the future. ConclusionSafiabad Plain is in the northeast of Iran, and in terms of geomorphological units, it is part of central Iran. Inselbergs form part of the morphology of this plain. In this study, 18 inselbergs were identified in this plain, and their detailed study showed that their primary skeleton was established by tectonic activities in the Devonian to Miocene period with the formation of Posht Bahram mountains. It was formed when the tectonic activities calmed down and in opposition to the lithology and erosion of the inselbergs of this plain. In terms of lithology, the well-hardened conglomerate formation covers nearly 47% of this plain, and due to its large size and different distances from erosion processes, various inselbergs have been formed in it. The southern inselbergs formed in this formation have a regular shape due to wind and blue erosion. In contrast, the middle inselbergs have an incomplete shape due to the distance from higher erosion, and the western inselbergs have an incomplete shape due to the superiority of blue erosion. Another formation that plays a vital role in this field is Lar Mei Formation. Although this is the second formation in terms of size and strength, many inselbergs have formed in it. The Shemshak formation is placed after the Lar formation in terms of resistance. This formation has caused the formation of chain inselbergs in the northeast of the region. The most typical inselbergs of the region are observed in the thick layered limestones of the formation (Maastrichtian). Also, this research found that inselbergs may be formed in all flat areas of the world and even in sedimentary formations. However, the inselbergs formed are far from those formed in tropical regions' igneous and metamorphic formations. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionThe authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestThe authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Archaeobotany is one of the interdisciplinary sciences in archaeology. Archaeobotany studies plant remains in archaeological contexts. Based on plant findings, it discusses topics such as people's livelihood, agriculture, vegetation, climate changes, dating, etc. So, this course can reply to many questions archaeologists face about an ancient site and people. In recent years, archaeologists have paid a lot of attention to this field and tried to use experts in excavations. One of the excavations that has paid a lot of attention to archaeobotany, is Feyzabad site. This site has Islamic periods. During the excavation in 2022 in this site, some ovens were found, as well as some samples from them. In this research, we intend to answer questions such as the functioning of the sampled ovens and the identification of plant remains in the ovens. Finally, by combining the information found, we will shed light on the lives of the people of this period. By doing this research, our information about the life of the people belonging to this area, their livelihood and the common types of plant remains used in this area will increase. Also, micro information about climatic conditions will be obtained. After carrying out the necessary investigations and research, it was found that the ovens found in the trench D8 are related to cooking to the inner part of the royal citadel. Besides the more specialized work that is being done, animal husbandry and agriculture are popular. Some climate changes such as warmer weather and less humidity were also identified

The word “ousia”, derived from “eimi” (“to be”) is only of the most fundamental concepts in Aristotelian ontology. In spite of its importance, however, Aristotle’s texts regarding this concept and not uniform and, in addition, the equivalents which most translators have selected or coined are open to criticism. The first Latin translators chose essentia, which was a faithful translation in so far as it signifies ‘being’, however it was not long before this translation was replaced with substantia, which is a bad choice. The English form of the wrong choice, i.e. SUBSTANCE, was also accepted by most English translators and still prevails. However English speaking experts have taken to revising this translation and the word ‘entity’ has gradually gained acceptance. In Arabic speaking domains this problem remains and no measures of redress have been taken. None of the possible words, such as dhat, jawhar and tabiah can perform the function of οusi. Needless to say, such a state of affairs has left a negative impact on the understanding of Aristotle’s ontology.

To investigate the effect of weed interference and weed-free periods on Balangu (Lallemantia royleana Benth. in Wall) and to evaluate the critical period of weed control (CPWC) in this oilseed crop, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in Naghadeh region in 2018. Experimental consisted of two groups of treatments; weed infestation treatments (infestation for 144.2, 345.9, 574, 848.2, 1147.6 and 1451.3 growing degree day (GDD) after transplanting and then plots were remained weed-free the rest of the growing season) and weed-free treatments (weeding for 144.2, 345.9, 574, 848.2, 1147.6 and 1451.3 GDD after transplanting and then plots were remained infested until harvesting time). In each block, one weed free and weed infested control was for all the growing season. Results indicated that the density and dry biomass of weeds were increased as weed removal was delayed. In contrast, density and dry biomass of weeds were decreased as weeds establishment was delayed. Height, tetrachenes fruits, ripened achenes, 1000-seed weight and biological, seed and relative yields of Balangu were decreased and increased as the duration of weed-infested and weed-free period increased, respectively. Also, logistic and Gompertz curves fitted to data showed that the beginning and end of the CPWC based on a 10% yield loss of relative yield, was estimated to be from 11 to 108 days after transplanting (97 days weed-free period) in order to prevent a noticeable yield loss.